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Table 1 Pharmspresso ontology examples.

From: Pharmspresso: a text mining tool for extraction of pharmacogenomic concepts and relationships from full text

CATEGORY TYPE

 

Biological entity

Example words/phrases

Cell or cell group

germ line cells, intenstines, sensory neurons

Cellular component*

axons, integrins, mitochondrial membrane

Disease

stroke, chronic leukemia, tuberculoma

Drug

acebutolol, mechlorethamine, tartaric acid

Gene

ABCB1, CYP2C9, coagulation factor V

Organism

mice, rat, xenopus laevis

Polymorphism

T168N, 1039G-A, 236Arg->Lys

Relationships between entities

Example words/phrases

Action

assists, acomplishes, recognizes

Association

associates, binds, interacts

Biological Process*

acetylated, matures, reactivations

Characterization

has, contains, displays, includes, lacks

Comparison

correlates, differs, equally, matches

Effect

accumulates, aggregates, causes

  1. Examples of Textpresso biological entities and relationships, along with additions for Pharmspresso (in bold). The ontology includes 35 categories of two types: (1) biological entities and (2) relationships between entities. Category names and examples of these categories are shown. * marks categories imported from Gene Ontology (GO).