Fig. 2

Translocation information and transduction information. (Left) Open channel. (Center) A channel blockade event with feature extraction that is typically dwell-time based. A single-molecule coulter counter. (Right) Single-molecule transduction detection is shown with a transduction molecule modulating current flow (typically switching between a few dominant levels of blockade, dwell time of the overall blockade is not typically a feature -- many blockade durations will not translocate in the time-scale of the experiment, for example, active ejection control is often involved).