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Table 2 Most frequent genetic elements observed and proposed screening combinations in major food and feed crops

From: The GMOseek matrix: a decision support tool for optimizing the detection of genetically modified plants

 

All GMOs from plant origin worldwide

GMOs from plant origin relevant to EU regulations

Crop species

Most frequent genetic elements

Frequency

Proposed screening (coverage)

Most frequent genetic elements

Frequency

Proposed screening (coverage)

Rapeseed

tNOS

39%

pTa29 (or pSsuAra or pSsuAra-bar)

tNOS

75%

 

bar

39%

p35S, cp4-epsps

bar

75%

tNOS , p35S, CTP2-cp4epsps (or tE9)

pSsuAra

39%

 

pSsuAra/pTa29

75%

 

pTa29

39%

    

pSsuAra-bar

39%

 

pSsuAra-bar

75%

 

p35S

29%

    

tg7

29%

 

tg7

75%

 

barstar

29%

 

barstar

58%

 

barnase

29%

(25/31 - 81%) a

CTP2-cp4epsps pTa29-barnase

58%

(12/12 - 100%)

Soybean

p35S

38%

p35S, tE9, cp4-epsps, tNOS, pat,

p35S

44%

p35S, pFMV

 

tE9

33%

cryIAc

cp4epsps

33%

 
 

cp4-epsps

33%

 

CTP2-cp4epsps

22%

 
 

pFMV (pCmoVb)

24%

 

pat

22%

 
 

CTP2-cp4epsps

24%

 

tE9

22%

 
 

tNOS

24%

(18/21 - 86%) b

pFMV (pCmoVb)

22%

(6/9 - 66%) g

Maize

p35S

80%

p35S, tNOS, pat

p35S

85%

p35S, tNOS

 

tNOS

74%

 

tNOS

79%

 
 

t35S

60%

 

pActin1

52%

 
 

pat

56%

 

pat

39%

 
 

35S-pat

51%

 

35S-pat

39%

 
 

pActin1

42%

(116/126 - 92%) c

cp4-epsps

36%

(33/33 - 100%)

Cotton

p35S

57%

p35S, pat, cry1Ac, nptII, m-epsps

p35S

64%

p35S, pat (or pUbiZM1), m-epsps

 

tNOS

50%

 

tNOS

55%

 
 

cry1Ac

43%

 

cry1Ac

55%

 
 

nptII

35%

 

aad

45%

 
 

aad

33%

 

nptII

45%

 
 

t7S

22%

(39/46 - 85%) d

35S-nptII

45%

(11/11 - 100%)

Potato

tNOS

88%

tNOS

  

EH92-527-1 is the only authorized potato

 

tE9

38%

   

event: no need for screening

 

nptII

69%

    
 

cry3A

69%

    
 

p35S

50%

(13/15 - 87%) e

   

Rice

p35S

29%

p35S, tNOS, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, CryIaB /

  

LL62 is the only rice that can be found in

 

tNOS

21%

CryIac, pUbiZM1, m-epsps, tNOS

  

EU (LLP regulation): no need for screening

 

cry1Ab

19%

    
 

cry1Ac

17%

    
 

cryIaB / cryIac

17%

    
 

pUbiZM1

14%

    
 

bar

14%

(27/42 - 64%) f

   
  1. Most frequent genetic elements: The most frequent genetic elements in the major food and feed GM crop species worldwide (on the left) and for the GM events pertaining to the EU regulations (on the right). Frequency: The relative frequencies of each element respectively to all GMO of the same crop species, given as a percentage. Proposed screening (coverage): proposed combination of GM elements in order to achieve a good coverage (at least 50%) of all GM events in the crop species. The coverage is indicated by bold letters in brackets, as the ratio of detected GM events out of all currently known GM events.
  2. Non-usable elements (short elements like leaders, plasmid t-DNA, elements originating from the same species) were not taken into consideration. Non-authorized and therefore non-covered events are marked by a event 73496; b 305423 and BPS‒CV127‒9; c 3751IR, 3243M, LY038, DAS-40278-9, HCEM485, 32138 and BVLA430101; d 1849, 19-51A, China cotton 1, China cotton 2, China cotton 3, GK12 and SGK321; e tBK50-13 and tBK50-60; f Kinuhikari 2, Zhuxian B, 86AB1, 86AS2, Bt-IR72, KA130, Kinuhikari 1, Nihonbare 16-2, Nihonbare 20-2, 21-3, Minghui 86a, Minghui 86b, PWC16, Tsuki-no-hikari H39 and H75. Some of the non-covered events can be detected by event specific assays validated by the European Union Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (EU-RL GMFF, http://gmo-crl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/statusofdoss.htm).