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Table 13 DDI extraction error analysis from testing DDI sets

From: An integrated pharmacokinetics ontology and corpus for text mining

No.

Error categories

Error type

Frequency

examples

In vivo

In vitro

1

There are multiple drugs in the sentence, and the sentence is long.

FP

6

34

PMID: 12426514. In 3 subjects with measurable concentrations in the single-dose study, rifampin significantly decreased the mean maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h [AUC(0-24)] of praziquantel by 81% (P <.05) and 85% (P <.01), respectively, whereas rifampin significantly decreased the mean C(max) and AUC(0-24) of praziquantel by 74% (P <.05) and 80% (P <.01), respectively, in 5 subjects with measurable concentrations in the multiple-dose study

FN

2

17

PMID: 10608481. Erythromycin and ketoconazole showed a clear inhibitory effect on the 3-hydroxylation of lidocaine at 5 microM of lidocaine (IC50 9.9 microM and 13.9 microM, respectively), but did not show a consistent effect at 800 microM of lidocaine (IC50 >250 microM and 75.0 microM, respectively).

2

There is no direct DDI relationship between two drugs, but the presence of some words, such as dose, increase, and etc. may lead to a false positive prediction

FP

6

14

PMID: 17192504. A significant fraction of patients to be treated with HMR1766 is expected to be maintained on warfarin

3

DDI is presented in an indirect way.

FN

2

19

PMID: 11994058. In CYP2D6 poor metabolizers, systemic exposure was greater after chlorpheniramine alone than in extensive metabolizers, and administration of quinidine resulted in a slight increase in CLoral.

4

Design issue. Some NDDI are inferred due to some adjectives (little, minor, negligible)

FP

1

3

PMID: 10223772. In contrast,the effect of ranitidine or ebrotidine on CYP3A activity in vivo seems to have little clinical significance.

5

Unknown

FP

5

44

PMID: 10383922. CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP2E1 activities were not significantly inhibited by azelastine and the two metabolites.

  

FN

6

26

PMID: 10681383. However, the most unusual result was the interaction between testosterone and nifedipine.