Table 9 Examples of DDI definitions
From: An integrated pharmacokinetics ontology and corpus for text mining
PMID | DDI sentence | Relationship and commend |
|---|---|---|
20012601 | The pharmacokinetic parameters of verapamil were significantly altered by the co-administration of lovastatin compared to the control. | Because of the words, “significantly”, (Verapamil, lovastatin) is a DDI. |
20209646 | The clearance of mitoxantrone and etoposide was decreased by 64% and 60%, respectively, when combined with valspodar. | Because of the fold changes were less than 0.67, (mitoxantrone, valspodar.) and (etoposide, valspodar) are DDIs. |
20012601 | The (AUC (0-infinity)) of norverapamil and the terminal half-life of verapamil did not significantly changed with lovastatin coadministration. | Because of the words, “not significantly changed”, (verapamil, ovastatin) is a NDDI. |
17304149 | Compared with placebo, itraconazole treatment significantly increase the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of paroxetine by 1.3 fold (6.7 2.5 versus 9.0 3.3 ng/mL, P≤0.05) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 48 hours [AUC( 0- 48)] of paroxetine by 1.5 fold (137 73 versus 199 91 ng*h/mL, P≤0.01). | AUC has a higher rank than Cmax, and it had a 1.5 fold-change and less than 0.05 p-value, thus, (itraconazole, paroxetine) is a DDI. |
13129991 | The mean (SD) urinary ratio of dextromethorphan to its metabolite was 0.006 (0.010) at baseline and 0.014 (0.025) after St John’s wort administration (P=.26) | The change in PK parameter is more than 1.5 fold but P-value is >0.05. Thus, (dextromethorphan, St John’s wort) is an ADDI. |
19904008 | The obtained results show that perazine at its therapeutic concentrations is a potent inhibitor of human CYP1A2. | Because of words, “potent inhibitor”, (perazine, CYP1A2) is a DEI. |
19230594 | After human hepatocytes were exposed to 10 microM YM758, microsomal activity and mRNA level for CYP1A2 were not induced while those for CYP3A4 were slightly induced. | Because of words, “not induced” and “slightly induced”, (YM758, CYP1A2) and (YM758, CYP1A2) are NDEIs. |
19960413 | From these results, DPT was characterized to be a competitive inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, with K(i) values of 3.5 and 10.8 microM in HLM and 24.9 and 3.5 microM in baculovirus-insect cell-expressed human CYPs, respectively. | Because K was larger than 10microM, (DPT, CYP2C9) and (DPT, CYP3A4) are ADEIs. |