From: DBSecSys: a database of Burkholderia malleisecretion systems
Name | Pathogens use this mechanism to: |
---|---|
Actin cytoskeleton rearrangement | Subvert the host cell cytoskeleton to promote attachment to host cell surface, internalization in the host cell, and to prevent uptake by phagocytic cells. |
Actin-based motility | Bind to host actin, triggering actin polymerization on the pathogens’ surface and producing a mechanical force that propels them through the host cell and facilitates cell-to-cell spread. |
Adhesion | Attach to host cell surface, promoting bacterial internalization in the host cell. |
Apoptosis | Exert control on the processes that regulate apoptosis in the host. |
Interference with signaling | Interfere with host signaling cascade, promoting their internalization in the host cell and intracellular survival. |
Interference with the immune response | Down-regulate host inflammatory responses, promoting their internalization in the host cell and intracellular survival. |
Invasion | Promote their ability to invade the host cell. |
Multi-nucleated giant cell formation | Induce host cell fusion and multi-nucleated giant cell formation. |
Phagosomal escape and evasion of autophagy | Ensure bacterial escape from endocytic vesicles, as well as to evade autophagosome, ensuring the pathogens’ intracellular survival and cell-to-cell spread. |
Ubiquitination - deubiquitination | Interfere with host ubiquitination processes to attenuate host immune response, to prevent their degradation, and to ensure their destruction when no longer required for establishing the infection. |