Table 3 Performance of rrBLUP (average r²) on the traits of four real data sets under the traditional encoding vs. the hybrid data-driven encoding.

Rice: Pericarp.color

0.433

0.504

16.4%

Rice: Protein.content

0.176

0.177

0.6%

Pig: Trait 2

0.237

0.239

0.8%

Pig: Trait 4

0.203

0.218

7.4%

QTLMAS: Trait 1

0.358

0.361

0.8%

QTLMAS: Trait 2

0.187

0.18

-3.7%

Maize: Flint 1 TASS

0.47

0.492

4.7%

Maize: Flint 2 DMC

0.301

0.308

2.3%

Maize: Flint 3 DM_Yield

0.057

0.068

19.3%

Maize: Dent 1 Tass

0.59

0.616

4.4%

Maize: Dent 2 DMC

0.562

0.58

3.2%

Maize: Dent 3 DM_Yield

0.321

0.349

8.7%