Skip to main content

Table 5 Tetra-nucleotide bias for three RNA viruses. The tetra-nucleotide bias in three viruses. z value quantifies the tetra-nucleotide bias, as defined in equation (1). N (w) and E (w) are actual and expected frequency of occurrence for word w.

From: Relationship of SARS-CoV to other pathogenic RNA viruses explored by tetranucleotide usage profiling

 

BCoV

MHV

SARS

 

BCoV

MHV

SARS

Tetra-nucleotide

N(w)

E(w)

z

N(w)

E(w)

z

N(w)

E(w)

z

Tetra-nucleotide

N(w)

E(w)

z

N(w)

E(w)

z

N(w)

E(w)

z

AAAA

148

206.2

-7.4

147

145.8

0.2

222

216.5

0.7

UAAA

264

226.2

4.6

187

170.9

2.2

170

183

-1.7

AAAC

110

103.7

1.1

98

91.2

1.3

154

148.1

0.9

UAAC

78

105.1

-4.8

85

122.4

-6.1

123

128

-0.8

AAAG

184

169.7

2.0

173

133.6

6.2

165

158.8

0.9

UAAG

205

171.7

4.6

193

165.3

3.9

107

134.4

-4.3

AAAU

217

220

-0.4

179

164.9

2.0

213

200.6

1.6

UAAU

322

309.9

1.3

245

259.8

-1.7

166

193.9

-3.6

AACA

133

114.1

3.2

113

112.1

0.2

215

175.7

5.4

UACA

178

163.7

2.0

122

123.4

-0.2

230

200.3

3.8

AACC

76

61.3

3.4

107

75.2

6.7

102

92.5

1.8

UACC

97

82.9

2.8

106

98.5

1.4

118

97.1

3.8

AACG

29

40.7

-3.3

35

61.8

-6.2

44

66.3

-5.0

UACG

50

54.4

-1.1

58

72.6

-3.1

46

63.3

-3.9

AACU

91

121.5

-5.0

84

106.5

-4.0

171

168.5

0.4

UACU

196

205.2

-1.2

153

168.2

-2.1

195

192.2

0.4

AAGA

172

157.9

2.0

176

136.4

6.2

184

161.8

3.2

UAGA

128

123.4

0.8

119

124.7

-0.9

102

119.6

-2.9

AAGC

137

103.8

5.9

140

103

6.6

96

112.8

-2.9

UAGC

79

98.7

-3.6

82

118.7

-6.1

71

84.8

-2.7

AAGG

133

121.3

1.9

159

122.4

6.0

140

117.3

3.8

UAGG

73

78.8

-1.2

67

121.3

-9.0

74

75.6

-0.3

AAGU

191

180.6

1.4

179

163.1

2.3

136

139.4

-0.5

UAGU

171

213

-5.2

161

190.7

-3.9

101

126.8

-4.2

AAUA

189

215.2

-3.2

148

182.1

-4.6

113

154.1

-6.0

UAUA

251

237

1.7

192

189

0.4

99

136.5

-5.8

AAUC

100

104.5

-0.8

75

93.2

-3.4

93

121.9

-4.8

UAUC

84

112.3

-4.9

86

99.9

-2.5

84

116.1

-5.4

AAUG

246

229.3

2.0

234

232.1

0.2

230

201.5

3.7

UAUG

310

271.5

4.3

278

238.1

4.7

189

190.3

-0.2

AAUU

265

265.5

-0.1

212

207.8

0.5

211

212

-0.1

UAUU

314

345

-3.0

253

248.5

0.5

190

211.8

-2.7

ACAA

144

137.1

1.1

115

114.1

0.2

269

204.1

8.3

UCAA

131

130

0.2

136

117.7

3.1

202

174.1

3.8

ACAC

84

66.4

3.9

88

75.4

2.6

168

142.2

3.9

UCAC

53

60.4

-1.7

57

67.1

-2.2

130

109.6

3.5

ACAG

118

105.7

2.2

108

104.9

0.5

151

145.1

0.9

UCAG

107

122.1

-2.5

105

106.7

-0.3

110

121.4

-1.9

ACAU

128

123.5

0.7

106

122.7

-2.7

186

172.9

1.8

UCAU

84

124.6

-6.6

88

117.8

-5.0

153

146.7

0.9

ACCA

105

76.9

5.8

116

85

6.1

161

117.7

7.3

UCCA

68

73.4

-1.1

74

80.6

-1.3

76

95.4

-3.6

ACCC

56

37.3

5.6

84

57.6

6.3

54

60.7

-1.6

UCCC

31

37.4

-1.9

45

56

-2.7

31

44.6

-3.7

ACCG

24

35.5

-3.5

52

57.4

-1.3

31

48.8

-4.6

UCCG

15

26

-3.9

37

55.1

-4.4

19

29.7

-3.5

ACCU

83

77.7

1.1

97

97.7

-0.1

139

111.2

4.8

UCCU

74

101.4

-4.9

103

102.4

0.1

80

107.1

-4.8

ACGA

32

44.5

-3.4

31

56.5

-6.2

40

64.4

-5.5

UCGA

18

41.4

-6.6

42

50.4

-2.2

43

67.5

-5.4

ACGC

29

34.1

-1.6

49

52.5

-0.9

31

54.8

-5.8

UCGC

30

34.1

-1.3

45

54

-2.2

38

56.2

-4.4

ACGG

26

31.3

-1.7

46

48.5

-0.7

26

41

-4.2

UCGG

19

29.1

-3.4

33

49.8

-4.3

16

39.9

-6.9

ACGU

47

60.5

-3.1

53

72.1

-4.1

53

72.6

-4.2

UCGU

51

74.1

-4.9

59

74.8

-3.3

73

84.4

-2.3

ACUA

141

127.9

2.1

119

121.3

-0.4

166

167.3

-0.2

UCUA

116

130.2

-2.3

115

124.5

-1.5

130

140.9

-1.7

ACUC

49

68.2

-4.2

61

68.9

-1.7

119

115

0.7

UCUC

52

67.1

-3.3

69

69.6

-0.1

82

108.4

-4.6

ACUG

144

131.5

2.0

126

141.4

-2.4

159

163.3

-0.6

UCUG

119

135.5

-2.6

117

135.5

-2.9

133

141.4

-1.3

ACUU

142

160.9

-2.7

116

132.1

-2.5

207

184.9

3.0

UCUU

195

191.8

0.4

153

142.8

1.6

219

182.6

4.9

AGAA

147

141.6

0.8

162

126.6

5.7

144

158.7

-2.1

UGAA

174

195.3

-2.8

154

176.8

-3.1

164

180.2

-2.2

AGAC

67

71.9

-1.1

87

80.6

1.3

114

117.2

-0.5

UGAC

86

101.8

-2.8

118

127.6

-1.5

153

151.9

0.2

AGAG

107

88.9

3.5

115

103.4

2.1

146

112.3

5.8

UGAG

96

127.7

-5.1

144

167

-3.2

117

136.2

-3.0

AGAU

177

170.4

0.9

158

145.2

1.9

128

141.1

-2.0

UGAU

314

311.7

0.2

243

261

-2.0

215

196.5

2.4

AGCA

113

105.8

1.3

102

112.1

-1.7

105

118.8

-2.3

UGCA

181

166.3

2.1

187

161.5

3.6

166

182

-2.2

AGCC

77

54.1

5.7

91

80.7

2.1

68

55.4

3.1

UGCC

102

81.6

4.1

144

122.4

3.6

114

81.6

6.5

AGCG

48

44.9

0.8

62

71.2

-2.0

32

46.4

-3.8

UGCG

52

65.5

-3.0

86

97.6

-2.1

58

58.5

-0.1

AGCU

126

122.6

0.6

132

132

0.0

140

146.9

-1.0

UGCU

270

218.4

6.4

254

226.8

3.3

315

224.5

11.0

AGGA

116

96.4

3.6

114

117.8

-0.6

138

99.5

7.0

UGGA

171

154.4

2.4

187

147.4

5.9

152

126

4.2

AGGC

65

61.9

0.7

114

104.6

1.7

92

80.3

2.4

UGGC

144

103.8

7.2

184

144.4

6.0

141

103.4

6.7

AGGG

55

59.1

-1.0

88

79.5

1.7

53

60.7

-1.8

UGGG

81

105

-4.3

90

118.9

-4.8

59

74.4

-3.2

AGGU

137

143.8

-1.0

128

150

-3.3

129

119.5

1.6

UGGU

307

302.3

0.5

260

236.3

2.8

200

173.5

3.7

AGUA

137

159.2

-3.2

124

155.6

-4.6

115

116.9

-0.3

UGUA

228

233.8

-0.7

202

215.5

-1.7

161

165.6

-0.6

AGUC

62

77.6

-3.2

75

93.9

-3.5

76

87.3

-2.2

UGUC

116

116.5

-0.1

159

143.6

2.3

141

129.8

1.8

AGUG

152

156.2

-0.6

187

173.8

1.8

127

120.7

1.0

UGUG

266

246.9

2.2

300

255.8

5.0

214

170.9

6.0

AGUU

222

239.6

-2.1

214

206

1.0

126

161.7

-5.1

UGUU

498

407.8

8.1

415

346.1

6.7

274

252

2.5

AUAA

228

220.7

0.9

189

188.5

0.1

129

152.4

-3.4

UUAA

322

269.8

5.8

258

235.5

2.7

195

202.8

-1.0

AUAC

124

129.2

-0.8

100

112.8

-2.2

100

132.3

-5.1

UUAC

185

173.5

1.6

158

155.6

0.3

186

179.8

0.8

AUAG

120

141.9

-3.3

120

135

-2.3

65

91.7

-5.1

UUAG

141

177.5

-5.0

131

183

-7.0

112

119.5

-1.2

AUAU

205

237.9

-3.9

151

185.9

-4.7

99

144.4

-6.9

UUAU

397

385.6

1.1

309

269.1

4.4

191

226.5

-4.3

AUCA

105

122

-2.8

77

99.2

-4.1

139

136.8

0.3

UUCA

127

155

-4.1

132

126.1

1.0

206

180

3.5

AUCC

59

62.9

-0.9

63

65.5

-0.6

54

65.9

-2.7

UUCC

66

80.1

-2.9

75

90.9

-3.0

71

87.9

-3.3

AUCG

31

46.9

-4.2

42

57.2

-3.7

31

59.6

-6.7

UUCG

33

55.3

-5.5

64

69.3

-1.2

56

71.8

-3.4

AUCU

108

129.1

-3.4

87

109.2

-3.9

108

137.1

-4.5

UUCU

193

201.6

-1.1

133

151.2

-2.7

226

189.5

4.8

AUGA

204

212.3

-1.0

203

202.8

0.0

189

198.6

-1.2

UUGA

237

239.3

-0.3

197

213.4

-2.0

189

186.8

0.3

AUGC

186

151.1

5.2

194

164.2

4.2

179

154.3

3.6

UUGC

197

174.1

3.2

188

184.4

0.5

185

162.5

3.2

AUGG

211

180.8

4.1

197

179.4

2.4

185

143.1

6.4

UUGG

213

230.6

-2.1

208

185.6

3.0

153

143.2

1.5

AUGU

296

273.3

2.5

275

269.9

0.6

218

197.4

2.7

UUGU

415

363.3

4.9

368

298

7.4

245

204.3

5.2

AUUA

239

253.9

-1.7

191

216

-3.1

190

192

-0.3

UUUA

407

345.3

6.0

303

257.1

5.2

204

204.1

0.0

AUUC

106

126.1

-3.3

100

110.2

-1.8

127

136.8

-1.5

UUUC

141

161.3

-2.9

109

146.1

-5.6

187

162.4

3.5

AUUG

245

253.5

-1.0

206

211.6

-0.7

208

176

4.4

UUUG

367

357.7

0.9

318

271.3

5.2

207

194.8

1.6

AUUU

361

337.8

2.3

287

251.6

4.1

197

205.6

-1.1

UUUU

454

495.8

-3.4

296

325

-2.9

215

245.2

-3.5

GAAA

118

124

-1.0

104

111.4

-1.3

142

140.8

0.2

CAAA

128

133.8

-0.9

160

108.5

9.0

221

182.3

5.2

GAAC

58

64.6

-1.5

63

75.1

-2.5

89

96.9

-1.5

CAAC

83

71

2.6

93

74.9

3.8

166

128.5

6.0

GAAG

136

125.8

1.7

153

123.2

4.9

126

117.7

1.4

CAAG

108

111

-0.5

135

111.5

4.0

158

132.5

4.0

GAAU

118

140.8

-3.5

119

142.4

-3.6

90

125.7

-5.8

CAAU

144

147.5

-0.5

126

139.1

-2.0

178

170.2

1.1

GACA

82

83

-0.2

99

91

1.5

162

128.5

5.4

CACA

82

78.3

0.8

84

80.6

0.7

168

150.9

2.5

GACC

37

39.2

-0.6

61

69.1

-1.8

66

68.5

-0.5

CACC

59

44

4.1

76

59.3

3.9

98

80.1

3.6

GACG

27

33

-1.9

46

51

-1.3

33

52.9

-5.0

CACG

28

31.5

-1.1

40

46

-1.6

27

50.4

-6.0

GACU

82

86.6

-0.9

88

94.7

-1.3

101

115.3

-2.4

CACU

108

75.3

6.8

97

93.1

0.7

184

151.4

4.8

GAGA

73

77.8

-1.0

104

100.3

0.7

105

111.8

-1.2

CAGA

125

106.4

3.3

123

98.1

4.6

141

128.8

2.0

GAGC

52

60.1

-1.9

66

90.9

-4.8

83

74.9

1.7

CAGC

96

71.9

5.2

99

82.8

3.2

95

96.6

-0.3

GAGG

73

68.6

1.0

112

108.6

0.6

95

89.1

1.1

CAGG

94

84.9

1.8

106

93.4

2.4

102

93.4

1.6

GAGU

103

100.9

0.4

128

134

-0.9

108

98.6

1.7

CAGU

108

128.7

-3.3

132

127.4

0.7

98

127.2

-4.7

GAUA

149

172.1

-3.2

127

145.4

-2.8

81

111

-5.2

CAUA

88

110.8

-3.9

92

112.5

-3.5

99

118.2

-3.2

GAUC

70

86.1

-3.2

63

73

-2.1

55

75.7

-4.3

CAUC

49

56.5

-1.8

45

67.1

-4.9

100

91.9

1.5

GAUG

231

209.7

2.7

237

199.5

4.8

198

159

5.6

CAUG

110

117.8

-1.3

119

143.9

-3.8

153

138.3

2.3

GAUU

205

201.7

0.4

159

176.8

-2.4

125

128.6

-0.6

CAUU

166

149

2.5

160

159

0.1

196

173

3.2

GCAA

104

114.7

-1.8

137

123.3

2.2

133

131

0.3

CCAA

84

81.4

0.5

126

90.8

6.7

119

107.2

2.1

GCAC

70

65.3

1.1

77

74.2

0.6

99

92

1.3

CCAC

71

41.7

8.2

74

55.9

4.4

81

77.7

0.7

GCAG

131

102.4

5.1

157

113.3

7.5

80

100.5

-3.7

CCAG

67

64.5

0.6

90

80.7

1.9

95

77.5

3.6

GCAU

120

109.4

1.8

128

140.9

-2.0

112

104.2

1.4

CCAU

81

71.9

1.9

94

97.4

-0.6

97

91

1.1

GCCA

84

57.8

6.2

111

97.4

2.5

99

76.5

4.7

CCCA

46

41.6

1.2

83

62.7

4.7

56

60.1

-1.0

GCCC

34

34.5

-0.2

75

63.8

2.5

35

36.6

-0.5

CCCC

28

22.2

2.2

43

47.5

-1.2

18

28.8

-3.6

GCCG

29

29.7

-0.2

51

60.5

-2.2

21

31.7

-3.4

CCCG

17

20.4

-1.4

45

39.4

1.6

16

20.1

-1.6

GCCU

84

66.8

3.8

122

106.2

2.8

75

71.9

0.7

CCCU

58

43.9

3.8

76

78

-0.4

48

60.7

-3.0

GCGA

30

38.9

-2.6

42

57.3

-3.7

36

43.5

-2.1

CCGA

25

27.9

-1.0

45

47.1

-0.6

16

36.2

-6.0

GCGC

31

31.7

-0.2

65

57.4

1.8

38

41

-0.8

CCGC

20

21.8

-0.7

50

47

0.8

21

32.1

-3.6

GCGG

21

31.7

-3.4

43

56.8

-3.3

23

29.6

-2.2

CCGG

11

20.9

-3.9

36

44.9

-2.4

13

21.2

-3.2

GCGU

63

55.9

1.7

87

82.1

1.0

47

52.9

-1.5

CCGU

29

38.2

-2.7

54

68.1

-3.1

37

41.8

-1.3

GCUA

165

131.3

5.4

162

144.3

2.7

153

140.7

1.9

CCUA

85

77

1.7

83

96.5

-2.5

104

88.6

3.0

GCUC

58

58.8

-0.2

75

80.5

-1.1

89

98.1

-1.7

CCUC

38

40.1

-0.6

79

58.6

4.8

63

65.2

-0.5

GCUG

136

131.5

0.7

187

173.4

1.9

196

145.3

7.6

CCUG

89

80.4

1.7

118

108.1

1.7

70

89

-3.7

GCUU

167

147.3

3.0

158

162.5

-0.6

180

149.5

4.5

CCUU

86

97.4

-2.1

119

113.3

1.0

105

104.6

0.1

GGAA

86

82.1

0.8

83

103.4

-3.7

103

86

3.3

CGAA

23

42.7

-5.5

40

58.5

-4.4

37

55.5

-4.5

GGAC

51

48.4

0.7

57

67.7

-2.4

68

72.3

-0.9

CGAC

24

22.5

0.6

32

34.3

-0.7

27

46.9

-5.3

GGAG

81

66.6

3.2

109

95.9

2.4

92

70.1

4.8

CGAG

17

29.5

-4.2

42

53.5

-2.9

35

49.8

-3.8

GGAU

122

127

-0.8

139

124.7

2.3

80

83.7

-0.7

CGAU

41

63.1

-5.0

46

63.3

-4.0

36

56

-4.9

GGCA

93

70

5.0

142

99.4

7.7

108

83.7

4.8

CGCA

38

40.7

-0.8

67

63.3

0.8

46

58.2

-2.9

GGCC

34

33.7

0.1

74

74.8

-0.2

33

39.1

-1.8

CGCC

19

17.1

0.8

50

45.6

1.2

15

27.1

-4.2

GGCG

28

32.2

-1.3

57

62.9

-1.4

33

40.5

-2.1

CGCG

17

14.9

1.0

32

39.2

-2.1

21

23.4

-0.9

GGCU

95

88.7

1.2

135

117.9

2.9

115

94.9

3.8

CGCU

36

44.4

-2.3

61

73.5

-2.7

46

74.1

-5.9

GGGA

38

53

-3.7

52

65.7

-3.1

36

48.5

-3.3

CGGA

15

26.4

-4.0

35

51

-4.1

18

33.8

-4.9

GGGC

20

37.4

-5.1

64

68.8

-1.1

36

38.3

-0.7

CGGC

21

19

0.8

45

47.2

-0.6

20

29.3

-3.1

GGGG

26

41.9

-4.5

23

53.8

-7.6

20

31.4

-3.7

CGGG

10

19.9

-4.0

27

39.1

-3.5

12

17.5

-2.4

GGGU

88

95

-1.3

88

100.4

-2.2

52

63.8

-2.7

CGGU

31

50.2

-4.9

52

67.2

-3.4

28

55.5

-6.7

GGUA

147

153.8

-1.0

113

130.8

-2.8

106

102.8

0.6

CGUA

55

53.6

0.3

52

71.6

-4.2

52

60.2

-1.9

GGUC

51

70.4

-4.2

61

76.8

-3.3

40

71.3

-6.7

CGUC

16

24.9

-3.2

29

41.9

-3.6

36

41.9

-1.6

GGUG

160

161.8

-0.3

179

171.9

1.0

135

119.9

2.5

CGUG

60

64.9

-1.1

84

90.6

-1.3

69

71.3

-0.5

GGUU

205

201.3

0.5

175

181.2

-0.8

127

123.2

0.6

CGUU

59

83.2

-4.8

88

104.4

-2.9

53

81.6

-5.8

GUAA

165

174.4

-1.3

135

160.2

-3.6

101

130.5

-4.7

CUAA

154

145.5

1.3

128

140

-1.8

141

153.8

-1.9

GUAC

99

109.2

-1.8

86

110.2

-4.2

143

109

5.9

CUAC

112

88.1

4.6

95

87.5

1.5

160

140.2

3.0

GUAG

112

118.4

-1.1

104

136.9

-5.1

96

88.6

1.4

CUAG

78

86.6

-1.7

74

103.6

-5.3

75

99.2

-4.4

GUAU

191

195.4

-0.6

166

172

-0.8

94

118.6

-4.1

CUAU

163

148.3

2.2

182

150.6

4.7

177

162

2.1

GUCA

85

95.2

-1.9

105

98.5

1.2

114

113.3

0.1

CUCA

59

75

-3.4

73

82.5

-1.9

137

130.2

1.1

GUCC

30

52.2

-5.6

59

73.4

-3.1

35

52.7

-4.4

CUCC

33

41

-2.3

62

58.7

0.8

46

62.3

-3.7

GUCG

33

39.6

-1.9

35

59

-5.7

40

51.3

-2.9

CUCG

21

32

-3.5

39

46

-1.9

43

59.9

-4.0

GUCU

97

109.1

-2.1

125

120.1

0.8

104

112.9

-1.5

CUCU

84

82

0.4

110

94.8

2.8

126

136.9

-1.7

GUGA

122

162.3

-5.8

152

163.3

-1.6

131

127

0.6

CUGA

107

124.3

-2.8

108

139.4

-4.8

141

150.6

-1.4

GUGC

113

115.2

-0.4

149

148.5

0.1

130

110.9

3.3

CUGC

109

91.9

3.2

141

110.9

5.2

159

128.2

4.9

GUGG

158

146.3

1.8

180

158.8

3.1

109

101

1.4

CUGG

121

98.1

4.2

136

123.2

2.1

106

104.8

0.2

GUGU

245

218.3

3.3

269

223.8

5.5

174

129.3

7.2

CUGU

151

157.5

-0.9

164

179.7

-2.1

152

159.3

-1.1

GUUA

255

244.6

1.2

237

225.1

1.4

126

168.7

-6.0

CUUA

143

152.3

-1.4

125

150.3

-3.8

164

163.1

0.1

GUUC

104

123

-3.1

119

116.6

0.4

97

114.8

-3.0

CUUC

68

80.6

-2.5

76

81.3

-1.1

148

124.3

3.9

GUUG

280

254.7

2.9

283

248

4.0

165

169.1

-0.6

CUUG

168

147.9

3.0

154

152.9

0.2

190

154.7

5.2

GUUU

344

316.4

2.8

253

239.5

1.6

192

171

2.9

CUUU

211

212.4

-0.2

191

177.1

1.9

209

183.8

3.4