Figure 4From: Modeling of cell signaling pathways in macrophages by semantic networksA model for covalent interactions. Figure 4a shows that an Akt protein can be phosphorylated to an Akt-phosphate by an enzyme, PDK1, and an ATP is converted to an ADP in the process. Figure 4b shows a similar covalent interaction event where substrate Glucose can be converted to Glucose-6-phosphate by an enzyme Hexokinase.Back to article page