From: Differences in codon bias cannot explain differences in translational power among microbes
Codon | AA | Codon frequency | tRNA abund.c (%) | Empirical rel. trans. ratesd | Predicted rel. translation rates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | E. colia (× 10-3) | Low biasb (× 10-3) |  |  | Sc. 2e | Sc. 3e | Sc. 4e | Sc. 5f |
UUU | Phe | 8.0 | 9.6 | 1.5 | 8.5 | (7.6) | (6.3) | (3.2) | 3.7 |
UUC | Phe | 23.4 | 21.8 | 1.5 | 12.0 | (12.0) | (10.8) | (10.8) | 6.4 |
UUA | Leu | 2.8 | 6.6 | 2.7 | 4.3 | (5.1) | (5.2) | (1.9) | 7.1 |
UUG | Leu | 4.3 | 17.1 | 3.8 | 8.7 | (6.0) | (6.5) | (6.5) | 8.9 |
UCU | Ser | 16.5 | 10.7 | 3.4 | 11.6 | (10.3) | (9.5) | (9.5) | 7.1 |
UCC | Ser | 11.8 | 7.2 | 1.2 | 14.7 | (9.0) | (8.0) | (7.3) | 6.0 |
UCA | Ser | 2.0 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 7.0 | (4.6) | (3.3) | (4.6) | 2.5 |
UCG | Ser | 2.5 | 7.1 | 2.6 | 9.0 | (5.0) | (3.7) | (0.4) | 2.8 |
UAU | Tyr | 6.8 | 11.3 | 2.7 | 4.3 | (7.2) | (6.1) | (2.8) | 7.3 |
UAC | Tyr | 16.6 | 12.1 | 2.7 | 8.4 | (10.4) | (9.5) | (9.5) | 11.5 |
UGU | Cys | 2.8 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 4.0 | (5.2) | (5.4) | (1.9) | 7.6 |
UGC | Cys | 3.8 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 7.0 | (5.8) | (6.3) | (6.3) | 8.9 |
UGG | Trp | 7.1 | 7.1 | 1.5 | 5.0 | (7.3) | (7.3) | (7.3) | 6.4 |
CUU | Leu | 3.9 | 15.2 | 2.6 | 8.4 | (5.8) | (3.9) | (9.8) | 6.3 |
CUC | Leu | 4.1 | 16.0 | 1.7 | 11.0 | (5.9) | (4.1) | (12.0) | 6.5 |
CUA | Leu | 0.8 | 4.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 | (3.6) | (0.6) | (0.6) | 2.9 |
CUG | Leu | 61.2 | 17.9 | 7.3 | 14.4 | (18.6) | (15.7) | (15.7) | 24.9 |
CCU | Pro | 4.4 | 9.0 | 1.8 | 8.4 | (6.1) | (4.5) | (7.3) | 2.7 |
CCC | Pro | 1.1 | 6.2 | 1.1 | 9.6 | (3.9) | (2.3) | (0.5) | 1.3 |
CCA | Pro | 5.2 | 12.1 | 0.8 | 1.6 | (6.5) | (4.9) | (9.0) | 2.9 |
CCG | Pro | 29.0 | 12.4 | 1.5 | 2.5 | (13.2) | (11.6) | (11.6) | 6.8 |
CAU | His | 6.8 | 9.0 | 1.2 | 4.0 | (7.2) | (6.3) | (2.7) | 3.5 |
CAC | His | 14.3 | 12.1 | 1.2 | 8.0 | (9.7) | (9.1) | (9.1) | 5.1 |
CAA | Gln | 7.1 | 10.7 | 1.2 | 5.6 | (7.3) | (5.8) | (3.4) | 3.3 |
CAG | Gln | 27.5 | 23.9 | 2.3 | 10.0 | (12.9) | (11.4) | (11.4) | 6.4 |
CGU | Arg | 44.2 | 21.4 | 7.5 | 14.0 | (16.0) | (13.7) | (13.7) | 31.3 |
CGC | Arg | 20.8 | 19.1 | 7.5 | 11.5 | (11.4) | (9.4) | (10.5) | 21.4 |
CGA | Arg | 0.7 | 11.3 | 7.5 | 3.0 | (3.5) | (1.7) | (0.6) | 3.9 |
CGG | Arg | 0.6 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | (3.4) | (1.6) | (0.6) | 2.6 |
AUU | Ile | 15.9 | 21.5 | 6.8 | Â | 10.2 | 8.2 | 4.1 | 17.1 |
AUC | Ile | 44.2 | 28.0 | 6.8 | Â | 16.0 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 28.6 |
AUA | Ile | 0.5 | 11.2 | 0.3 | Â | 3.3 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
AUG | Met | 21.8 | 21.8 | 1.4 | Â | 11.7 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 5.7 |
ACU | Thr | 20.8 | 15.0 | 3.8 | Â | 11.4 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 7.6 |
ACC | Thr | 26.9 | 18.7 | 1.8 | Â | 12.8 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 8.7 |
ACA | Thr | 2.6 | 10.0 | 2.0 | Â | 5.1 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 2.7 |
ACG | Thr | 4.2 | 10.8 | 2.9 | Â | 6.0 | 4.5 | 7.1 | 3.4 |
AAU | Asn | 5.7 | 16.7 | 2.1 | Â | 6.7 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 3.9 |
AAC | Asn | 29.4 | 18.4 | 2.1 | Â | 13.3 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 8.9 |
AAA | Lys | 55.4 | 39.6 | 3.1 | Â | 17.8 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 12.8 |
AAG | Lys | 17.4 | 33.2 | 1.2 | Â | 10.6 | 8.4 | 4.5 | 2.9 |
AGU | Ser | 2.2 | 6.8 | 1.7 | Â | 4.8 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 3.4 |
AGC | Ser | 9.4 | 7.2 | 1.7 | Â | 8.2 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.0 |
AGA | Arg | 0.6 | 5.4 | 1.1 | Â | 3.4 | 4.9 | 0.6 | 3.7 |
AGG | Arg | 0.0 | 4.5 | 1.7 | Â | 2.6 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
GUU | Val | 43.5 | 38.8 | 7.9 | Â | 15.9 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 23.3 |
GUC | Val | 7.7 | 13.2 | 2.0 | Â | 7.5 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 9.8 |
GUA | Val | 22.5 | 20.1 | 6.0 | Â | 11.8 | 9.8 | 10.5 | 16.8 |
GUG | Val | 15.1 | 16.8 | 6.0 | Â | 9.9 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 13.7 |
GCU | Ala | 39.8 | 38.6 | 7.2 | Â | 15.3 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 19.4 |
GCC | Ala | 11.9 | 15.7 | 1.1 | Â | 9.0 | 7.2 | 0.5 | 10.6 |
GCA | Ala | 25.1 | 30.6 | 6.1 | Â | 12.4 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 15.4 |
GCG | Ala | 24.3 | 16.2 | 6.1 | Â | 12.2 | 10.3 | 8.2 | 15.1 |
GAU | Asp | 19.4 | 22.3 | 4.4 | Â | 11.1 | 9.3 | 3.7 | 14.0 |
GAC | Asp | 34.0 | 31.1 | 4.4 | Â | 14.2 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 18.5 |
GAA | Glu | 58.3 | 39.8 | 8.5 | Â | 18.2 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 35.7 |
GAG | Glu | 17.1 | 35.6 | 3.4 | Â | 10.5 | 8.3 | 4.5 | 7.7 |
GGU | Gly | 45.9 | 23.7 | 9.3 | Â | 16.3 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 21.0 |
GGC | Gly | 34.4 | 23.0 | 7.3 | Â | 14.3 | 12.1 | 10.7 | 18.2 |
GGA | Gly | 1.3 | 17.8 | 1.9 | Â | 4.1 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 3.5 |
GGG | Gly | 2.4 | 19.5 | 3.2 | Â | 4.9 | 3.2 | 8.7 | 4.8 |