Table 4 Mean error, standard deviation and median error of a standard type PSO, CPSO, and OPSO implementation. Particle swarms with 20 particles, 1,000 epochs. Best performance (i.e., lowest error) for each function is highlighted in bold letters.
Schaffer F6 D = 2 | Griewangk D = 30 | Rastrigin D = 30 | Rosenbrock D = 30 | Sphere D = 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
standard type PSO | |||||
mean error | 0.0042 | 0.827 | 99.5 | 91.5 | 4.14 |
standard deviation | 0.0048 | 0.361 | 27.0 | 47.2 | 6.56 |
median error | 0 | 0.914 | 98.2 | 85.1 | 1.89 |
CPSO | |||||
mean error | 0.0048 | 0.148 | 86.2 | 32.2 | 0.0035 |
standard deviation | 0.0049 | 0.616 | 23.0 | 19.8 | 0.070 |
median error | 3.89·10-7 | 0.039 | 84.6 | 24.6 | 3.2·10-8 |
PSO with optimized parameters | |||||
mean error | 0.0030 | 0.024 | 46.5 | 37.4 | 6.17·10 -8 |
standard deviation | 0.0045 | 0.040 | 13.1 | 24.2 | 5.53·10-7 |
Median error | 1.91·10-8 | 0.015 | 44.8 | 25.8 | 1.02·10 -9 |