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Table 4 The regulatory proclivity of common metabolites and regulators in E. coli. .

From: Regulation of metabolic networks by small molecule metabolites

Rank

Compound

Reaction ECs

Regulated ECs

Ratio

1

NAD+

116

19

0.16

2

NADPH

82

20

0.24

3

NADH

110

28

0.25

4

NADP+

83

22

0.27

5

L-Glutamate

44

12

0.27

6

Acetyl-CoA

33

11

0.33

7

CoA

48

19

0.40

8

ATP

176

70

0.40

9

Pyrophosphate

94

38

0.40

10

Orthophosphate

119

53

0.45

11

ADP

119

70

0.59

12

Pyruvate

42

25

0.60

13

2-Oxoglutarate

22

18

0.82

14

AMP

53

55

1.04

15

UTP

13

22

1.69

16

GTP

20

35

1.75

17

CTP

11

24

2.18

18

L-Cysteine

10

26

2.60

19

Glutathione

9

29

3.22

20

Spermidine

4

22

5.50

21

D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

3

20

6.67

22

Adenosine

3

21

7.00

23

Urea

1

20

20.00

24

Mercaptoethanol

1

40

40.00

  1. Compounds that are either regulated or are involved in more than 20 reactions in E. coli are shown. Small molecules (<4 non-hydrogen atoms) are excluded)