Figure 5From: The α-Hemolysin nanopore transduction detector – single-molecule binding studies and immunological screening of antibodies and aptamersAntibody-based bifunctional transduction molecules. Antibody can generally function alone as bifunctional transducer. Drawback – multiple nanopore-epitopes (i.e., capture orientations, see Fig. 6), strength – possibly better signal change w/wo binding on a particular capture orientation (see Fig. 7)Back to article page