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Table 2 Syntactic patterns and their effect on hedging strength

From: Recognizing speculative language in biomedical research articles: a linguistically motivated perspective

Syntactic Pattern

Effect on strength

<EPISTEMIC VERB>to(inf) VB

+1

<EPISTEMIC VERB>that(comp) VB

+2

Otherwise

-1

<EPISTEMIC NOUN> followed by that(comp)

+2

Otherwise

-1

not <UNHEDGING VERB>

+1

no|not <UNHEDGING NOUN>

+2

no|not immediately followed by <UNHEDGING ADVERB>

+1

no|not immediately followed by <UNHEDGING ADJECTIVE>

+1

whether|if in a clausal complement context

3(SA)

1.58(IG)