Table 1 Classification accuracy using four multi-class cancer data sets (GCM, Breast, Leukemia, Lymphoma) and six binary sets (CNS, colon, DLBCL, GCM, lung, prostate) show that performance of BCGA-ELM is superior and consistent over all these data sets. GCM multi-class has an accuracy of 95.4%, which is at least 21.6% higher than other methods given in the literature (although some of them use very small sets of genes)
From: Multi-class BCGA-ELM based classifier that identifies biomarkers associated with hallmarks of cancer
Multi – class | Binary-class | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GCM | Breast | Leukemia | Lymphoma | CNS | Colon | DLBCL | GCM2 | Lung | Prostate | |
#Genes-initial set | 16063 | 1213 | 999 | 4026 | 7129 | 2000 | 7129 | 16063 | 12533 | 12600 |
#Genes BCGA-ELM | 92 | 30 | 11 | 27 | 17 | 27 | 18 | 73 | 11 | 72 |
# Samples | 198 | 49 | 38 | 96 | 34 | 62 | 77 | 280 | 181 | 102 |
# Classes | 14 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Multi-class, Accuracy (%) | Binary-class, Accuracy (%) | |||||||||
BCGA-ELM | 95.4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
(*σ2 = 0.00083) | ||||||||||
Weka packages [ 19 ] | ||||||||||
LibSVM-linear | 78.9 | 100 | 100 | 91.9 | 100 | 91.9 | 100 | 99.1 | 95.6 | 97.1 |
RBF Network | 69.8 | 100 | 100 | 82.3 | 98.7 | 79.1 | 96.2 | 85.4 | 96.7 | 93.6 |
SMO | 83.3 | 100 | 100 | 93.6 | 98.7 | 89.7 | 98.7 | 98.7 | 95.0 | 97.1 |
Naïve Bayes | 78.6 | 100 | 97.1 | 72.6 | 93.5 | 60.0 | 81.9 | 73.1 | 97.8 | 92.7 |
Multiclass Classifier | 85.3 | 100 | 100 | 93.6 | 97.4 | 93.5 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 94.5 | 98.8 |
Method | #Genes | |||||||||
ICGA-PSO-ELM [ 15 ] | 42 | 88.3 | 91.2 | 100 | 97.0 | 100 | - | - | - | - |
HC-k-TSP [8] | 5 to 27 | 67.4 | 66.7 | 97.1 | - | 97.1 | 90.3 | 97.4 | 85.4 | 97.0 |
mul-PAM [9] | 5 to 27 | 56.5 | 93.3 | 97.1 | - | 85.3 | 90.3 | 92.2 | 82.9 | 93.9 |
BMSF(highest) [10] | 5 to 27 | - | - | - | - | 97.1 | 95.2 | 97.4 | 98.6 | 100 |
I-RELIEF(highest)[11] | 5 to 27 | - | - | - | - | 88.4 | 82.3 | 95.1 | 96.1 | 91.2 |
LHR(highest) [12] | 5 to 27 | - | - | - | - | 100 | 91.2 | 97.4 | 100 | 100 |