Fig. 1

Analysis framework. a The flowchart of our analysis. b Schematic illustration of spectral decomposition of CNV profile. The red line on the left shows a CNV profile with vertical position representing the copy number and horizontal position representing chromosomal location. The letters in the figure mark the change points. The red lines on the left show the decomposed profiles, the bCNV on the top, and fCNV on the bottom. The segments \( \overline{ab} \) and \( \overline{eh} \) are considered broad gains. \( \overline{cd} \) is a focal gain and \( \overline{fg} \) is focal loss