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Table 2 Performance of rrBLUP (average r 2) on the traits of four real data sets under the traditional encoding vs. the hybrid encodings vs. the target-based encoding. We also show the improvements of the hybrid encodings over the traditional encoding

From: Does encoding matter? A novel view on the quantitative genetic trait prediction problem

Data set

Traditional encoding

Hybrid one (improvement)

Hybrid two (improvement)

Target-based

Rice: Pericarp.color

0.433

0.499 (16 %)

0.504 (16.4 %)

0.493

Rice: Protein.content

0.176

0.176 (1 %)

0.177 (1 %)

0.177

Pig: Trait 2

0.237

0.238 (1 %)

0.239 (1 %)

0.236

Pig: Trait 4

0.203

0.218 (7 %)

0.218 (7 %)

0.207

QTLMAS: Trait 1

0.358

0.36 (1 %)

0.361 (1 %)

0.36

QTLMAS: Trait 2

0.187

0.179 (-4 %)

0.18 (-4 %)

0.178

Maize: Flint 1 TASS

0.47

0.492 (5 %)

0.492 (5 %)

0.475

Maize: Flint 2 DMC

0.301

0.311 (2.5 %)

0.308 (2.3 %)

0.289

Maize: Flint 3 DM_Yield

0.057

0.07 (20 %)

0.068 (19 %)

0.062

Maize: Dent 1 Tass

0.59

0.615 (4.4 %)

0.616 (4.4 %)

0.593

Maize: Dent 2 DMC

0.562

0.58 (3.2 %)

0.58 (3.2 %)

0.582

Maize: Dent 3 DM_Yield

0.321

0.343 (8.6 %)

0.349 (8.7 %)

0.346

  1. The bold numbers are the ones with the best performance