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Table 3 Post-transcriptional modifications in mt-tRNAs

From: A comprehensive collection of annotations to interpret sequence variation in human mitochondrial transfer RNAs

Position

Modified base name

Modomics symbol

Human mt-tRNAs

Bovine mt-tRNAs

Model organisms tRNAs

9

1-methyladenosine

Asp, Leu(CUN), Lys, Pro

Ala, Glu, Phe, Gly, His, Asn, Arg, Thr, Val, Trp

 

9

1-methylguanosine

K

Ile, Leu(UUR)

Cys, Gln, Tyr

 

10

N2-methylguanosine

L

Leu(UUR), Leu(CUN), Lys, Asp

 

Ala, Phe, Gly, His, Asn, Val, Trp, Tyr

20

dihydrouridine

D

Leu(UUR)

  

26

N2-methylguanosine

L

  

Ala, Glu

26

N2,N2-dimethylguanosine

R

Ile

  

27

pseudouridine

P

Asp, Ile, Leu(UUR), Leu(CUN), Lys, Met, Pro

Cys, His

 

28

pseudouridine

P

Ile, Lys, Leu(CUN), Pro

Cys, Glu, Asn, Ser(UCN), Tyr

 

29

pseudouridine

P

  

Ser(UCN)

31

pseudouridine

P

Leu(CUN)

  

32

3-methylcytidine

  

Ser(UCN), Thr

32

pseudouridine

P

Pro

 

Cys

34

5-taurinomethyluridine

Ê

Leu(UUR)

 

Glu, Gln, Trp

34

queuosine

Q

Asp

 

His, Asn, Tyr

34

5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine

Ǝ

Lys

Glu, Gln

 

34

5-formylcytidine

>

Met

  

37

N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine

6

Ile, Lys, Ser(AGY)

 

Asn, Thr

37

N6-isopentenyladenosine

+

 

Cys, Phe, Ser(UCN), Trp, Tyr

 

37

2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine

*

 

Phe, Ser(UCN), Trp, Tyr

 

37

1-methylguanosine

K

Leu(CUN), Pro

Gln

 

38

pseudouridine

P

Pro

  

39

pseudouridine

P

  

Ala, Cys, Phe, Gly, His, Gln, Arg, Tyr

40

pseudouridine

P

  

Glu, Gln

48

5-methylcytidine

?

Leu(UUR)

  

49

5-methylcytidine

?

  

Glu

50

pseudouridine

P

Met

  

54

5-methyluridine

T

Leu(UUR), Pro

  

55

pseudouridine

P

Leu(UUR), Pro

 

Glu, Gln, Ser(UCN), Tyr

58

1-methyladenosine

Ser(AGY), Leu(UUR)

Cys, Ser(UCN)

Glu

72

5-methylcytidine

?

  

Thr

  1. All the post-transcriptional modifications confirmed or predicted in human mt-tRNAs are listed. The full name of modifications, Modomics symbols and positions affected are shown for each tRNA species. Modifications reported include those confirmed by crystallographic data in eight human mt-tRNAs, those predicted using bovine model, which has similar structure and sequence in mt-tRNAs, and those predicted based on model organisms, such as bacteria, yeast and nematode