Fig. 2

Overview of our MI-MFA approach to handling missing rows in multi-omics data integration. The top part of the graphic indicates that analysis starts with observed, incomplete data tables K. In a second step, multiple imputation is performed using the hot-deck imputation approach: M imputed versions K ⁽¹⁾,…,K ^(M) of K are obtained by replacing the missing values by plausible data values. These plausible values are drawn from donor pools. The imputed sets are identical for the non-missing data entries, but differ in the imputed values. The third step is to estimate the configuration matrix F _m for each imputed dataset K ^(m) using MFA. The estimated configurations differ from each other because their input data differ. The last step is to combine the M estimated configurations F ₁,…,F _M into a compromise configuration F _c using the STATIS method