Fig. 1

Disease groups and their association to COPD (ICD9 code = 496). Each row denotes a Disease Group identified (described in panel (d)). RR, Φ, Genes and Pathways denote the ranks of the distances between COPD and the DG; Combined columns denote the combined rank of (panel (a)) RR and Φ and (panel (b)) Genes and Pathways respectively. In panel (c), COMBINED denotes the final rank of the DG when all four ranks (RR, Φ, Genes and Pathways) are combined. In COMBINED DG5 (malignancies in the lower respiratory track) is the higher ranked disease group and DG16 is the lowest ranked (parasomnias). See Methods: Rank combination for details of how ranks are computed