Fig. 10
From: Integrating mean and variance heterogeneities to identify differentially expressed genes
Q-Q plots of the five competitors after adjusting for background data structure and covariates. Among all the 79 background PCs, PC14, PC25, PC12, PC16, and PC18 displayed significant mean heterogeneity (p WT ranged from 0.0036 to 0.0149). PC28, PC29 and PC30 displayed variance heterogeneity (p LF ranged from 0.0069 to 0.0208). After adjusting for these significant background PCs, age and menopausal status, the Q-Q plots of all the five tests climbed above the diagonal. Especially, the Q-Q plot of the IMVT climbed above the upper limit of the 95% concentration band. All the tests displayed reasonable inflation factors. The mild inflation could be due to weak differentials or residual correlations between DE genes. Adjusting for significant background PCs was necessary to prevent false positives and false negatives