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Table 3 The five best and worst classified taxa at genus and family level according to the achieved top-1 accuracy on the ExS*

From: Image-based classification of plant genus and family for trained and untrained plant species

Level

Taxon

k S,train

k S,test

top-1 [%]

    

ExS

InS

Genus

Orobanche

5

1

96.5

93.3

(Best)

Ophrys

11

1

95.7

96.3

 

Arctium

1

1

84.0

85.7

 

Viola

8

1

83.2

84.1

 

Geranium

12

1

82.9

94.7

Genus

Linum

1

1

2.2

85.7

(Worst)

Diplotaxis

1

1

1.6

87.1

 

Bartsia

1

1

1.6

62.5

 

Gymnadenia

1

1

0

76.5

 

Lychnis

1

1

0

75.0

Family

Orchidaceae

41

5

87.6

97.4

(Best)

Geraniaceae

15

2

81.5

93.5

 

Pinaceae

11

1

78.3

87.7

 

Lamiaceae

43

5

72.0

91.5

 

Betulaceae

8

1

71.5

89.9

Family

Lythraceae

1

1

0

89.1

(Worst)

Melanthiaceae

1

1

0

93.8

 

Rutaceae

2

1

0

78.6

 

Urticaceae

1

1

0

76.2

 

Verbenaceae

2

1

0

80.0

  1. kS,train and kS,test are the numbers of species in the dataset during training and test
  2. *Results are three-fold cross-validated with random species selection during training and test