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Table 1 PRISM commands modeled signaling pathway

From: FoPA: identifying perturbed signaling pathways in clinical conditions using formal methods

No.

 

PRISM Language Specification

(1)

A → B

Activation

[ ]A > 2 & (B = 1 |  B = 2) → probactive : (B = (A = 3 & B = 1) ? 3 : 4) + (1 − probactive) : (B = 0);

(2)

A B

Inhibition

[ ]A < 3 & (B = 1 | B = 2) → probinhibit1 : (B = B + 2) + (1 − probinhibit1) : (B = 0);

[ ]A > 2 & (B > 2) → probinhibit2 : (B = B − 2) + (1 − probinhibit2) : B = 0;

(3)

A \( \overset{+p}{\to } \) B

Phosphorylation activation

[ ]A > 2 & (B = 1 | B = 2) → probactive : (B = (A = 3 & B = 1) ? 3 : 4) + (1 − probactive) : (B = 0);

(4)

A +p B

Phosphorylation inhibition

[ ]A < 3 & (B = 1 | B = 2) → probinhibit1 : (B = B + 2) + (1 − probinhibit1) : (B = 0);

[ ]A > 2 & (B > 2) → probinhibit2 : (B = B − 2) + (1 − probinhibit2) : B = 0;

(5)

A \( \overset{-p}{\to } \) B

Dephosphorylation activation

[ ]A > 2 & (B = 1 |  B = 2) → probactive : (B = (A = 3 & B = 1) ? 3 : 4) + (1 − probactive) : (B = 0);

(6)

A p B

Dephosphorylation inhibition

[ ]A < 3 & (B = 1 | B = 2) → probinhibit1 : (B = B + 2) + (1 − probinhibit1) : (B = 0);

[ ]A > 2 & (B > 2) → probinhibit2 : (B = B − 2) + (1 − probinhibit2) : B = 0;

(7)

A → B

Indirect effect

[ ]A > 2 & (B = 1 | B = 2) → probactive : (B = (A = 3 & B = 1) ? 3 : 4) + (1 − probactive) : (B = 0);

(8)

 

A is not activated nor inhibited by other genes

[ ] (A = 1 | A = 2) → probinit : (A = A + 2) + (1 − probinit) : (A = 0);

(9)

initializing the variables

Aexpressed genes

[ ] (A =  − 1) → prob1 : (A = 1) + prob2 : (A = 2)

A  differentially expressed genes

[ ] (A =  − 1) → prob1 : (A = 1) + prob2 : (A = 2)

  1. Activation, Phosphorylation activation, Dephosphorylation activation, and Indirect effect are all different types of activation in which gene A activates the gene B. Thus, they model the same as the Activation relation. Likewise, the Inhibition, Phosphorylation inhibition, and Dephosphorylation inhibition are all different types of inhibition in which gene A prevents the activation of gene B and they model the same as the Inhibition relations. The probs are the parameters for the commands that are replaced with the appropriate values when the model is constructed. A and B in PRISM command are variables indicating the states of the genes A and B respectively