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Fig. 3 | BMC Bioinformatics

Fig. 3

From: Leveraging the effects of chloroquine on resistant malaria parasites for combination therapies

Fig. 3

Chloroquine-treated parasites have new metabolic weaknesses. a Comparison of essential reactions in the three condition-specific models (one for each condition: short-term and long-term chloroquine treatment, as well as the untreated condition). Summarized, 7% of essential reactions during short-term treatment are unique to that condition, 3% of essential reactions during long-term treatment are unique to that condition, and 17% of essential reactions in the untreated condition are unique to that condition. Lastly, 12% of all essential reactions are shared by both treatment conditions. Note: 159 reactions are essential prior to constraining the model to represent condition-specific metabolism. b Illustration of common essentiality predictions (underlined in A) between the drug-treatment models, including inositol phosphate metabolism and glutathione import are represented. These enzymes could be targeted in these resistant parasites in combination with chloroquine; resultant combination therapies would specifically target resistant parasites during chloroquine treatment, not wild-type parasites or single-drug treatment. Red region depicts the host red blood cell and grey is the parasite’s cytoplasm

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