Fig. 9
From: Determination of growth-coupling strategies and their underlying principles
ATP synthesis capability values normalized by the number of carbon atoms (ATPcsc) for several metabolites of the central carbon metabolism. The E. coli iAF1260 core metabolic model was employed under anaerobic (a) and aerobic (b) conditions using glucose as the sole carbon and energy substrate. The order of the metabolites according to the ATPcsc value depicts the energy hierarchy of metabolites. Error bars denote the standard deviation of ATPcsc calculations at different growth rates spanning the feasible range of growth states. The color code links the metabolites to glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (blue), TCA cycle (green) and fermentative pathways (red), respectively