Fig. 1

The labeled coalescent tree. a Evolution is represented using the LCT. In this example, a duplication (yellow star) creates a new locus, “locus 2” (yellow), from the original locus, “locus 1” (red), and lineages j and k fail to coalesce within species m2. b The LCT consists of a species map \(\mathcal {M}\), a locus map \(\mathcal {L}\), and a partial order \(\mathcal {O}\). c Evolutionary events are depicted in the LCT. Except for speciation, evolution within a single species tree branch is shown. d An alternative scenario is presented for evolution in species m2. The new partial order induces an extra lineage at the time of the duplication. [Figure and caption adapted with permission from Du et al. [11] and Wu et al. [10]]