Fig. 13

The deformation of a filament. In this figure, a single filament deforms under force field. Subfigure (a) shows the 3D ball-stick view, and subfigure (b) shows the corresponding 2D density map slice with 36 pieces. During deformation, the angle between two bonds is flexible, so that the filament can curl effectively and change its shape. Limited by the chemical bonds’ length, the filament cannot be stretched