Fig. 2

Succinctness and connectivity significance of the C3 module. a The succinctness of the C3 and DIAMOnD modules of 299 diseases in different networks, and p value is obtained by wilcoxon rank sum test. b–d For asthma, b when the modules obtained by DIAMOnD and C3 contain 86 seeds at the same time, red line indicates that only 27 C3 proteins are used in the C3 module, while yellow line indicates that 350 DIAMOnD proteins are used in the DIAMOnD module. c Comparison of the number of Disease Proteins contained in DIAMOnD module (DPcD) and C3 module (DPcC) with 1000 random simulations. Completely randomly-constructed modules contain an average of 44.9 ± 3.2 seeds, which is significantly lower than the value in the real disease module. And DIAMOnD module containing 69 seeds (z-score = 8.6) is lower than C3 module with 111 seeds (z-score = 21.6). d Similar to that in (c), but intermediate proteins are not chosen completely at random, but only from the immediate neighbor of seeds. The random modules contain 60.3 ± 4.7 seeds, which is again significantly lower than in the real disease module. And DIAMOnD module containing 69 seeds (z-score = 1.8) is also lower than C3 module with 111 seeds (z-score = 10.7). e–g With BRCA there are 40 DAPs (seeds), e Same as B, when DIAMOnD and C3 module contain 29 seeds at the same time, only 7 C3 proteins are used in the C3 module while 350 DIAMOnD proteins are used in the DIAMOnD module. Comparison of the number of connected Proteins (cP) (f) and the number of intermediate Proteins (iP) (g) in the final C3 module with the number obtained from 1000 random simulations. Randomly 40 proteins are selected with the same seed degrees each time. The average number of connected seeds is 38.7 ± 1.6, while C3 connected all 40 BRCA proteins. The number of intermediate proteins used on average is 35.6 ± 4.4, and only 24 C3 proteins are used in BRCA C3 module