Table 1 Known and suspected microbial association with cancer pathogenesis
From: Tissue-associated microbial detection in cancer using human sequencing data
Cancer type | Known microbial associations | Suspected agents | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Breast Triple-negative, HER2+, ER+ | None | Epstein–Barr virus, human papillomaviruses Alistipes spp. Bacteroides fragilis, Sphingobium yanoikuyae, Microbial dysbiosis | |
Prostate Prostate adenocarcinoma | None | Cutibacterium acnes Bacteroides massiliensis Streptococcus spp. Staphylococcus spp. Microbial dysbiosis | |
Stomach Stomach adenocarcinoma | Helicobacter pylori, Epstein Barr Virus | Microbial dysbiosis | |
Liver Liver and intrahepatic bile duct | Hepatitis viruses, Parasitic infections | Helicobacter pylori | [43] |
Cervical Cervical squamous cell and endometrial carcinoma | Human papillomaviruses | Chlamydia trachomatis, microbiome dysbiosis | [63] |
Head and Neck Oropharyngeal and laryngeal | Epstein Barr Virus, Human papillomaviruses | Fusobacterium nucleatum, microbiome dysbiosis | |
Colon and rectum Colorectal adenocarcinoma | Microbial dysbiosis Fusobacterium nucleatum | Human papillomavirus Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus bovis, E. Escherichia coli, E. Bacteroides fragilis, Campylobacter spp. | |
Kidney Renal cell carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma | None | Hepatitis C virus Epstein Barr Virus Urinary tract infection-associated pathogens | [44] |
Lung Lung squamous cell and adenocarcinomas | None | Epstein Barr Virus Molluscum Contagiosum virus Microbial dysbiosis Chlamydia pneumoniae | [45] |
Bladder Bladder squamous cell carcinoma | Schistosoma haematobium | Human papillomavirus Epstein–Barr Virus | [46] |