Fig. 2
From: Estimation of total mediation effect for high-dimensional omics mediators
Demonstration of mediation analysis. X is the independent variable, Y is the dependent variable, and \(M_j\) is the true mediator; A Single-mediator model; B Multiple-mediator model; C shows \(M^{(1)}\) that is a non-mediator not associated with X, but with Y; D demonstrates a non-mediator \(M^{(2)}\) that is associated with X, but not associated with Y after adjusting for X