Fig. 5

a Hierarchical clustering of the most significant FDR<.1) biomarkers vs the ASVs that contain them identifies several distinct clusters of microbes differentially enriched in autism. b–e An example of differential enrichment of a randomly chosen biomarker from within each group: b Group 1 consists of primarily of Ruminococcaceae, enriched in children with autism. c Also enriched in autism, group 2 consists of many members of the Porphyromonadaceae family. d Group 3 consists of primarily of unclassified Blastocystis. e Group 4 consists of consists of primarily members from the Veillonellaceae family, and is underenriched in autism. f Hierarchical clustering of the most significant (FDR<.1) biomarkers vs the ASVs that contain them identifies several distinct clusters of microbes differentially enriched in obesity. Although the SBBs differentially enriched in obesity do not cluster into as discrete groups of ASVs as in the ASD study, we point out several possible clusters. g–I An example of differential abundance of a randomly chosen biomarker from within each group. g Group 1 consists of primarily Megasphaera, enriched in the obese cohort. h Group 2 consists of primarily Phocaeicola, enriched in the obese cohort. i Group 3 consists of primarily Sutterellaceae, enriched in the lean cohort