Fig. 1

DDIs prediction in cold start \(S1\) and \(S2\). Blue nodes represent the existing drugs, and the lines between drugs represent their interactions, in which different colors represent different link types. The drugs above (in blue) are existing drugs in the DDIs network, and the one below (in yellow) are the new drugs. The cold start problem \(S1\) refers to the prediction of interactions between the new drugs and the existed drugs, while \(S2\) refers to the prediction of the interaction between two new drugs