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Table 1  MMDs of the CyTOF data before and after being calibrated by individual methods

From: Joint deep learning for batch effect removal and classification toward MALDI MS based metabolomics

 

Raw

ComBat

Ratio_G

fSVA

ResNet

NormAE

Ours

In Batch 1

In Batch 2

Patient 1

0.243 ± 0.010

0.167 ± 0.006

0.243 ± 0.010

0.116 ± 0.008

0.113 ± 0.005

0.067 ± 0.005

0.053 ± 0.005

0.057 ± 0.005

Patient 2

0.230 ± 0.010

0.139 ± 0.005

0.230 ± 0.010

0.158 ± 0.007

0.120 ± 0.009

0.131 ± 0.007

0.092 ± 0.005

0.065 ± 0.006

0.064 ± 0.005

  1. “Raw” represents the MMD value of the source and target batches before calibration. “—” means that the fSVA method has collapsed due to numerical singularity in our computation. “In Batch 1 (or 2)” represents the intrinsic MMD without being corrupted by batch effect inside each batch