Fig. 1

Potential transmembrane proteins in the globular data set. AlphaFold2 [11, 68] structure of extracellular serine protease (P09489) and Lipase 1 (P40601). Transmembrane segments (dark purple) predicted by TMbed correlate well with membrane boundaries (dotted lines: red = outside, blue = inside) predicted by the PPM [45] web server. Images created using Mol* Viewer [71]. Though our data set lists them as globular proteins, the predicted structures indicate transmembrane domains, which align with segments predicted by our method. The predicted domains overlap with autotransporter domains detected by the UniProtKB [46] automatic annotation system. Transmembrane segment predictions were made with the final TMbed ensemble model