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Table 8 Case study of the prediction examples from different models

From: Biomedical named entity recognition with the combined feature attention and fully-shared multi-task learning

Dataset: BC2GM

Dataset: BC2GM entity type: gene/protein

Case 1

True label

Structural organization of the human Elk1 gene and its processed pseudogene Elk2.

BioBERT-STM

Structural organization of the human Elk1 gene and its processed pseudogene Elk2.

BioBERT-MTM

Structural organization of the human Elk1 gene and its processed pseudogene Elk2.

BioBERT-CFA-MTM

Structural organization of the human Elk1 gene and its processed pseudogene Elk2.

Dataset: NCBI-disease entity type: disease

Entity type: disease

case 2

True label

Inherited colorectal polyposis and cancer risk of the APC I1307K polymorphism.

BioBERT-STM

Inherited colorectal polyposis and cancer risk of the APC I1307K polymorphism.

BioBERT-MTM

Inherited colorectal polyposis and cancer risk of the APC I1307K polymorphism.

BioBERT-CFA-MTM

Inherited colorectal polyposis and cancer risk of the APC I1307K polymorphism.

Dataset: Linnaeus

entity type: species

Case 3

True label

Other species represented are Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H and Shewanella oneidensis, that belong to the Alteromonadales family.

BioBERT-STM

Other species represented are Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H and Shewanella oneidensis, that belong to the Alteromonadales family.

BioBERT-MTM

Other species represented are Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H and Shewanella oneidensis, that belong to the Alteromonadales family.

BioBERT-CFA-MTM

Other species represented are Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H and Shewanella oneidensis, that belong to the Alteromonadales family.

Dataset: NCBI-disease

Entity type: disease

case 4

True label

Skin photosensitivity may also be present.

BioBERT-STM

Skin photosensitivity may also be present.

BioBERT-MTM

Skin photosensitivity may also be present.

BioBERT-CFA-MTM

Skin photosensitivity may also be present.

Dataset: Linnaeus

Entity type: species

case 5

True label

Scanagati then recommended the continuation of the electuary made of emollient, guaiacum resin, balsam, rhubarb, and nitre.

BioBERT-STM

Scanagati then recommended the continuation of the electuary made of emollient, guaiacum resin, balsam, rhubarb, and nitre.

BioBERT-MTM

Scanagati then recommended the continuation of the electuary made of emollient, guaiacum resin, balsam, rhubarb, and nitre.

BioBERT-CFA-MTM

Scanagati then recommended the continuation of the electuary made of emollient, guaiacum resin, balsam, rhubarb, and nitre.