Fig. 2
From: Shape-aware stochastic neighbor embedding for robust data visualisations
Rank residual plots (RRP) for the four simulated test cases. The perfect situation in which all distance rank orderings are preserved in the embedding implies that all residuals equal to zero. In that case, the RRP shows a shape peak along the horizontal line in the middle of the plot. The residuals are visualised via a 2D histogram, where each bin is colored according to the relative density of points, according to the color bar at the bottom of the plot. Unreachable regions are colored white. The values on the top of each RRP correspond to the average rank error \(\overline{R}\). The test cases are arranged per column with the same order as in Fig. 1