Table 2 Description of the features used in the experiment

Inherent feature

CDS size

Gene coding sequence length

Python 3.7

Protein size

Amino acid length

CodonW

T3s, C3s,

Relative synonymous codon usage of

CodonW [43]

A3s, G3s

T, C, A, and G at the 3^rd position

CAI

Codon adaptation index

CBI

Codon bias index

Fop

Frequency of optimal codons

Nc

Effective number of codons

GC3s

GC of silent 3rd codon posit

GC

GC content of gene

L_sym

Number of synonymous codons

Gravy

Hydrophobicity of protein

Aromo

Aromaticity of protein

Amino acid usage frequency

Amino acid

A,R,D,C,Q,E,G,H,I,N,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V

Python 3.7

Rare_aa_ratio

Frequency of rare amino acids

Close_aa_ratio

Number of codons 3rd stop codon mutation

Physicochemical properties of amino acids

M_weight

Molecular weight

Pepstats [44]

I_Point

Isoelectric point

Tiny

(A + C + G + S + T)

Small

(A + B + C + D + G + N + P + S + T + V)

Aliphatic

(A + I + L + V)

Aromatic

(F + H + W + Y)

Nonpolar

(A + C + F + G + I + L + M + P + V + W + Y)

Polar

(D + E + H + K + N + Q + R + S + T + Z)

Charged

(B + D + E + H + K + R + Z)

Basic

(H + K + R)

Acidic

(B + D + E + Z)

A_R Weight

Average Residue Weight

Transmembrane helix

ExpAA

Exp number of AAs in TMHs

TMHMM3 [45]

First60

Exp number, first 60 AAs

PredHel

Total prob of N-in

Hurst

Hurst

Hurst index

R package [46]

Information Entropy

Shannon Entropy

quantifies the average information content of the gene sequence from the distribution of symbols

Python 3.7

Mutual Information

measures the information shared by two random variables

Python 3.7

Kullback–Leibler divergence

measure the similarity of two probability distributions

Python 3.7

Cross Entropy

measure the difference information between two probability distributions

Python 3.7