Table 2 Examples of producible nonnative metabolites under conditions of maximized biomass production

Pentane-2,4-dione

E. coli, S. cerevisiae

Oxygen

1

Pentane-2,4-dione + oxygen ↔ acetate + methylglyoxal

1.13.11.50

C. glutamicum

Oxygen

2

Glycerone phosphate ↔ methylglyoxal + orthophosphate

4.2.3.3

Pentane-2,4-dione + oxygen ↔ acetate + methylglyoxal

1.13.11.50

Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy -benzaldehyde)

E. coli, C. glutamicum

Oxygen, NADH

4

Formaldehyde + NAD+ + H₂O ↔ formate + NADH + H⁺

1.2.1.46

3-Dehydroshikimate ↔ 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O

4.2.1.118

Vanillate + oxygen + NADH + H⁺ ↔ 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD + + H₂O + formaldehyde

1.14.13.82

Vanillate + NAD+ + H2O ↔ 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde  + oxygen + NADH + H⁺

1.2.3.9

(R)-Propane-1,2-diol

E. coli

NAD⁺

2

(R)-Lactaldehyde + NAD⁺ + H₂O ↔ (R)-lactate + NADH + H⁺

1.2.1.23

(R)-Propane-1,2-diol + NAD⁺ ↔ (R)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H⁺

1.1.1.77

2-Propyn-1-al

S. cerevisiae

NAD⁺

3

3-Oxopropanoate ↔ acetaldehyde + CO₂

4.1.1.-

3-Oxopropanoate ↔ propynoate + H₂O

4.2.1.27

2-Propyn-1-al + NAD⁺ + H₂O ↔ propynoate + NADH + H⁺

1.2.1.3

Adipate semialdehyde

E. coli

NADP+

6

Succinyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA ↔ CoA + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA

2.3.1.174

(3 S)-3-Hydroxyadipyl-CoA + NAD⁺ ↔ 3-Oxoadipyl-CoA + NADH + H⁺

1.1.1.35

5-Carboxy-2-pentenoyl-CoA + H2O ↔ (3 S)-3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

4.2.1.17

Adipyl-CoA + FAD ↔ 5-carboxy-2-pentenoyl-CoA + FADH₂

1.3.99.-

Adipate + CoA + ATP ↔ Adipyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

6.2.1.-

Adipate semialdehyde + NADP+ + H₂O ↔ adipate + NADPH + H⁺

1.2.1.4