Table 2 Simulation results for dataset ${\mathcal{D}}_{\mathbf{1}}$

${\text{MSE}}_r^2(\times 10^{-2})$

0.39

N/A

N/A

205.99

267.42

0.60

6.04

61.12

N/A

N/A

0.54

0.97

9.78

325.58

67.14

${\text{GMSE}}_r^2(\times 10^{-3})$

0.04

N/A

N/A

64.39

226.58

0.04

2.00

2.00

N/A

N/A

0.05

0.30

0.28

75.87

41.33

${\text{SAD}}_r^2(\times 10^{-1})$

0.46

N/A

N/A

21.69

12.48

0.29

3.49

3.50

N/A

N/A

0.28

1.49

1.50

23.24

27.43

GSAD (×10⁻²)

3.39

20.38

20.38

24.04

37.35

RE

0.18

9.12

9.12

1.94

9.16

Time (s)

1.24×10³

0.03

0.71

47.15

0.39×10³

(b) R = 3

uBLU

PCA

NMF

BFRM

GB-GMF

${\text{MSE}}_r^2(\times 10^{-2})$

0.39

6.01

0.48

212.30

40.27

0.60

6.53

0.45

681.42

147.74

0.54

5.86

0.28

137.22

94.90

${\text{GMSE}}_r^2(\times 10^{-3})$

0.04

6.62

0.19

76.09

45.29

0.04

2.40

0.01

142.72

17.37

0.05

0.84

0.05

76.22

33.78

${\text{SAD}}_r^2(\times 10^{-1})$

0.46

1.86

0.53

10.68

11.86

0.29

1.18

0.31

15.18

12.50

0.28

1.36

0.26

5.33

13.96

GSAD (×10⁻²)

3.37

3.39

3.38

24.23

33.38

RE

0.18

0.18

0.18

1.84

0.18

Time (s)

1.24×10³

0.10

0.95

53.60

0.56×10³

(c) R = 4

uBLU

PCA

NMF

BFRM

GB-GMF

${\text{MSE}}_r^2(\times 10^{-2})$

0.39

6.02

87.78

205.66

195.89

0.60

6.53

0.45

247.96

101.34

0.54

8.03

0.26

330.01

68.69

${\text{GMSE}}_r^2(\times 10^{-3})$

0.04

23.82

26.56

64.59

57.58

0.04

11.70

0.23

114.02

3.10

0.05

6.37

18.04

75.47

27.72

${\text{SAD}}_r^2(\times 10^{-1})$

0.46

1.86

6.14

9.74

8.84

0.29

1.18

0.31

22.15

26.80

0.28

1.36

0.26

8.17

27.32

GSAD (×10⁻²)

3.39

3.34

3.36

28.62

29.23

RE

0.18

0.18

0.18

2.08

0.18

Time (s)

1.24×10³

0.11

0.96

63.88

0.70×10³