Figure 1From: Phylogenetic tree information aids supervised learning for predicting protein-protein interaction based on distance matricesGeometric interpretation of subtracting phylogenetic background. Panel A corresponds to Eq(2), where a phylogenetic vector |v> is subtracted by the background vector |u16s>, the resulting vector |ε> is guaranteed to be orthogonal to |u16s>. Panel B corresponds to Eq(2'), where a phylogenetic vector |p> is subtracted by the background vector |r>, the resulting vector |p'> may still have residual components along the orientation of |r>. Panel C shows that the resulting vector |p'> may become as nearly orthogonal to |r> when the length of the vector |r> is properly rescaled.Back to article page