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Table 1 Relationship types and examples.

From: Mining clinical relationships from patient narratives

Relation type

First argument type

Second argument type

Description

Examples

has_target

Investigation Intervention

Locus

Relates an intervention or an investigation to the bodily locus at which it is targeted.

• This patient has had a [arg2] lymph node [arg1] biopsy

• ... he does need a [arg2] groin [arg1] dissection

has_finding

Investigation

Condition Result

Relates a condition to an investigation that demonstrated its presence, or a result to the investigation that produced that result.

• This patient has had a lymph node [arg1] biopsy which shows [arg2] melanoma

• Although his [arg1] PET scan is [arg2] normal ...

has_indication

Drug or device Investigation Intervention

Condition

Relates a condition to a drug, intervention, or investigation that is targeted at that condition.

• Her facial [arg2] pain was initially relieved by [arg1] co-codamol

has_location

Condition

Locus

Relationship between a condition and a locus: describes the bodily location of a specific condition.

• ... a biopsy which shows [arg1] melanoma in his right [arg2] groin

• Her [arg2] facial [arg1] pain was initially relieved by co-codamol

negation_modifies

Negation sig nal

Condition

Relates a condition to its negation or uncertainty about it.

• There was [arg1] no evidence of extra pelvic [arg2] secondaries

laterality_modifies

Laterality signal

Locus Intervention

Relates a bodily locus or intervention to its sidedness: right, left, bilateral.

• ... on his [arg1] right [arg2] second toe

• [arg1] right [arg2] thoracotomy

sub_location_modifies

Sub-location signal

Locus

Relates a bodily locus to other information about the location: upper, lower, extra, etc.

• [arg1] extra [arg2] pelvic

  1. Relationship types, their argument type constraints, a description and examples. Each example shows a single relation of the given type. Arguments are underlined and preceded by their argument number. (Adapted from the CLEF Annotation Guidelines, http://nlp.shef.ac.uk/clef/)