Table 5 Representative examples where precipitant and/or object drugs were missed by the model during validation of the 2nd step (named entity recognition to identify precipitant and object drugs)
Sentence | True label | Predicted label | Reason for wrong prediction |
|---|---|---|---|
Barbiturates usually depress griseofulvin activity and concomitant administration may require a dosage adjustment of the antifungal agent | Precipitant: Barbiturates Object: griseofulvin | Precipitant: None Object: griseofulvin | Missing precipitant: reason unknown |
Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 can increase the plasma concentrations of budesonide | Precipitant: Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 Object: budesonide | Precipitant: inhibitors of CYP3A4 Object: budesonide | For precipitant, missing the adjective “potent” |
In patients taking ARAVA, exposure of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 (e.g., alosetron, duloxetine, theophylline, tizanidine) may be reduced | Precipitant: ARAVA Object: drugs metabolized by CYP1A2, alosetron, duloxetine, theophylline, tizanidine | Precipitant: None Object: ARAVA, alosetron, duloxetine, theophylline, tizanidine | ARAVA (a precipitant) is mislabeled as object: reason unknown Missing “drugs metabolized by CYP1A2” as object: not a specific drug name |
Intervention: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF): Co-administration of PPIs in healthy subjects and in transplant patients receiving MMF has been reported to reduce the exposure to the active metabolite, mycophenolic acid (MPA), possibly due to a decrease in MMF solubility at an increased gastric pH | Precipitant: PPIs Object: Mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid | Precipitant: PPIs Object: Mycophenolate mofetil | Missing one object: mycophenolic acid is a metabolite |
Caution should be exercised when considering the coadministration of ASMANEX HFA with ketoconazole, and other known strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir, cobicistat-containing products, atazanavir, clarithromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, nefazodone, nelfinavir, saquinavir, telithromycin) because adverse effects related to increased systemic exposure to mometasone furoate may occur | Precipitant: ketoconazole, ritonavir, cobicistat-containing products, atazanavir, clarithromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, nefazodone, nelfinavir, saquinavir, telithromycin Object: ASMANEX HFA, mometasone furoate | Precipitant: missing ketoconazole, ritonavir, and itraconazole Object: missing ASMANEX HFA | Unknown |