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Table 4 Results (% f-measure) for the baseline (bME) and the three methods (Closest Sense, Term Cooc, MetaData) for 7 ambiguous terms, tested on a high quality/low quantity corpus (manually annotated by expert).

From: Biomedical word sense disambiguation with ontologies and metadata: automation meets accuracy

Term

CS1

CS2

TC1

TC2

TC3

TC4

bME

MD1

MD2

MD3

Avg

Development

87

86

74

71

57

79

90

96

80

80

80

Spindle

70

79

90

80

95

98

98

100

77

78

87

Nucleus

89

94

81

78

75

95

97

99

91

77

88

Transport

83

71

90

89

88

94

89

98

91

88

88

Thrush

88

94

87

82

78

81

82

94

94

58

84

Lead

36

53

89

49

93

81

85

85

36

14

62

Inhibition

66

84

77

62

85

58

92

100

95

97

82

Avg

74

80

84

73

82

84

90

96

81

70

81

  1. CS1 column contains the results (% f-measure) for the Closest Sense (CS) approach with the use of the classic distance (only subsumption). CS2 column contains the results for the CS approach with the use of the optimized signature together with the subsumption distance. TC1 and TC2 contain the results of the Term Cooc (TC) approach, when the co-occurrences or the inferred co-occurrences are used, respectively. TC3 contains the results for the TC approach with co-occurrences and support vector machines, and TC4 when inferred co-occurrences and SVMs are used. bME column contains the results for the baseline method (classical Maximum Entropy modelling of stems without metadata or hierarchical information), trained and tested on the high quality corpus in a 5-fold cross validation. MD1 is for the MetaData approach, trained and tested on the high quality corpus in a 5-fold cross validation. MD2 is trained on the medium quality/quantity corpus and tested on the high quality one. MD3 was trained on the low quality/high quantity corpus and tested on the high quality corpus. Some terms (spindle, nucleus, transport) are easier to disambiguate than others (development, lead). Overall, all methods perform well between 73–96% f-measure (f-measure, F, is the weighted harmonic mean of precision, P and recall, R: F = 2 × P × R/(P + R)).