Table 3 Types of questions in Task 1b and respective examples along with the golden answers in each case

Is miR-21 related to carcinogenesis?

Yes. It has been demonstrated in several experimental studies that miR-21 has oncogenic potential, and is significantly disregulated in numerous types of cancer. Therefore, miR-21 is closely related to carcinogenesis.

Which is the most common disease attributed to malfunction or absence of primary cilia?

“autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease”

When ciliary function is perturbed, photoreceptors may die, kidney tubules develop cysts, limb digits multiply and brains form improperly. Malformation of primary cilia in the collecting ducts of kidney tubules is accompanied by development of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.

Which human genes are more commonly related to craniosynostosis?

[“MSX2”, “RECQL4”, “SOX6”, “FGFR1”, “FGFR2”, “FGFR”]

The genes that are most commonly linked to craniosynostoses are the members of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor family FGFR3 and to a lesser extent FGFR1 and FGFR2. Some variants of the disease have been associated with the triplication of the MSX2 gene and mutations in NELL-1.

What is the mechanism of action of abiraterone?

Abiraterone acts by inhibiting cytochrome P450 170̆3b1-hydroxylase (CYP17A1), a critical step in androgen biosynthesis, thus leading to inhibition of androgen biosynthesis.