Table 5 Comparison of the proposed PredBLP-U with previous methods on Kandaswamy’s training dataset

BLProt [11]

0.745

0.842

0.801

0.590

0.870

BLPre [12]

0.793

0.910

0.852

N/A

0.920

Fan’s method [13]

0.883

0.927

0.905

0.810

0.950

SCMBLP [15]

0.897

0.920

0.908

N/A

N/A

BLKnn [19]

0.749

0.955

0.852

0.719

N/A

Nath’s method [16]

0.964

0.942

0.954

N/A

0.991

PredBLP-U

0.912 ± 0.014

0.962 ± 0.017

0.937 ± 0.009

0.875 ± 0.018

0.968 ± 0.009