Table 3 Examples of GMO element thesaurus terms

CS

CS-5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase

CS-CP4epsps-RHIRD

–

aroA

Agrobacterium tumefaciens ssp. CP4

t: 0000030 (Glyphosate tolerance)

5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4. Steinrücken et al. (1980) Biochem Biophys Res Com. 94:1207–1212

Is similar and functionally identical to endogenous plant EPSPS enzymes but has a much-reduced affinity for glyphosate relative to endogenous plant EPSPS. Padgette et al. (1996) J Nutr 126:728–740

14979

CS

CS-crystal delta-endotoxin

CS-cry1Ab_vip3H-SYNTH

HJC-1

Synthetic

t: 0000035 (Lepidoptera resistance)

Chimeric gene encoding for the fused protein of Cry1Ab/Vip3H

Confers resistance to lepidopteran such as the Asiatic rice borer Chilo suppressalis and the stem borer Sesamia inferens

CS

CS-crystal delta-endotoxin

CS-cry1Ab-BACTU

CS-cry1Ab10-BACTK

cry1Ab

Bacillus thuringiensis

t: 0000035 (Lepidoptera resistance)

Plant optimized gene encoding for the nature identical (full length) cry1Ab gene of B. thuringiensis ssp. Kurstaki HD-1 strain; Fischhoff D et al. (1987) Bio/Technology, 5, 807–813 (Accession no. A29125)

The trypsin resistant core of the encoded protein is insecticidal to lepidopteran larvae. It acts by selectively binding to specific sites localized on the lining of the midgut of susceptible insect species. Confers resistance against certain lepidopteran insect pests, including the European Corn Borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis) and pink borers (Sesamia spp.)

14985

CS

CS-crystal delta-endotoxin

CS-cry1Ac-BACTU

cry1Ac

Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. Kurstaki

t: 0000035 (Lepidoptera resistance)

The trypsin resistant core of the encoded protein is insecticidal to lepidopteran larvae. It acts by selectively binding to specific sites localized on the lining of the midgut of susceptible insect species

14986

CS

CS-phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase

CS-bar-STRHY

Bialaphos resistance, PAT

Streptomyces hygroscopicus

t: 0000029 (Glufosinate tolerance)

Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene derived from the common soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus a.k.a. bar gene; shares 85 per cent homology at the amino acid level with the pat gene. Thompson et al. (1987) EMBO J. 6:2519–2523

Acetylates the primary amino group of L-phosphinothricin (L-PPT; a.k.a. glufosinate) rendering it inactive. Wehrmann et al. (1996) Nat Biotechnol. 14:1274–1278; ENV/JM/MONO(99) 13:1–26

14972

CS

CS-phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase

CS-pat-STRVR

Bialaphos resistance

Streptomyces viridochromogenes

t: 0000029 (Glufosinate tolerance)

Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes a.k.a. pat gene; shares 85% homology at the amino acid level with the bar gene. Wohlleben et al. (1988) Gene 70:25–37

Acetylates the primary amino group of L-phosphinothricin (L-PPT; a.k.a. glufosinate) rendering it inactive. Wehrmann et al. (1996) Nat Biotechnol.14:1274–1278; ENV/JM/MONO(99) 13:1–26

15002

CS

CS- Polyphenol oxidase

CS-ppo5_genome_edited-SOLTU

Solanum tuberosum

t: 0000055 (Reduced black spot bruising)

Polyphenol oxidase 5 gene. Thygesen et al. (1995) Plant Physiol. 109:525–531

Active in tubers, major cause of enzymatic browning. Loss-of-function mutations in the ppo5 gene result in reduced browning of potato tubers (reduced 'black spot')

CS

CS- Polyphenol oxidase

CS-ppo_genome_edited-AGABB

Agaricus bisporus

t: 0000029 (Glufosinate tolerance)

Polyphenol oxidase gene. Wu et al. (2010) Biotechnol Letters 32(10):1439–1447

Major cause of enzymatic browning. Loss-of-function mutations in the ppo gene leads to reduced enzymatic browning

P

P-34S FMV P-Figwort mosaic virus

P-34S FMV

P-35SFMV, P-CMoVb

Figwort mosaic virus

34S promoter derived from Figwort mosaic virus (FMV). Shepard et al. (1987) Phytopathology 77:1668–1673; Richins et al. (1987); Nucl Acids Res. 15:8451–8466; Gowda et al. (1989) J Cell Biochem. 13D (supplement):301

Promoter (directs transcription)

101507

P

P-35S CaMVP-Cauliflower mosaic virus

P-35S-CaMV

P-35S, P-CaMV 35S

Cauliflower mosaic virus

The 35S promoter was isolated from the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). The element covers the full-length promoter as well as optimized variants of the promoter. Odell JT et al. (1985) Nature 313, 810–812

The 35S promoter is a very strong constitutive promoter, resulting in high levels of gene expression in dicot plants. However, it is less effective in monocots, especially in cereals

100287

P

P-nopaline synthase

P-nos-RHIRD

pNOS

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Promoter region of the nopaline synthase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA. Bevan et al. (1983) Nucl Acids Res. 11:369–385; Fraley et al. (1983) Proc Nat L Acad Sci. 80:4803–4807

Promoter (directs transcription)

100270

P

P-ubiquitin

P-ubi1-MAIZE

P-ZmUbi1, P-ubiZM1

Zea mays

Promoter region of the polyubiquitin gene from Zea mays. Christensen et al. (1992) Plant Mol Biol. 18: 675–689

Promoter (directs transcription)

100362

T

T-35S CaMV T-Cauliflower mosaic virus

T-35S-CaMV

3′ 35S, 35S TERM

Cauliflower mosaic virus

3′ Transcriptional termination element (3′ UTR) of the 35S gene from Cauliflower mosaic virus. Gardner et al. (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. 9:2871–2888

Terminator (indicates the end of transcription; directs polyadenylation)

100290

T

T-nopaline synthase

T-nos-RHIRD

3′ nos, NOST

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

3′ Transcriptional termination element (3′ UTR) of the nopaline synthase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA. Bevan et al. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 369–385; Fraley et al. (1983) Proc Nat L Acad Sci. 80:4803–4807

Terminator (indicates the end of transcription; directs polyadenylation)

100269

T

T-RuBisCO small subunit

T-rbcS_E9-PEA

T-RuBisCO SSU, T-SSU, T-rbcS-E9

Pisum sativum

3′ Transcriptional termination element (3′ UTR) of the rinulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, small subunit (rbcS E9) gene. Coruzzi et al. (1984) EMBO J. 3:1671–1679

Terminator (indicates the end of transcription; directs polyadenylation)

101877