Table 1 Performance of the developed methods for recognizing off-sample ion images as evaluated on the gold standard of 23,238 ion images showing F1-score (F1), precision (P), and recall (R). For each measure, we show the average and confidence intervals (+ − two standard deviations) over five folds of the cross validation

From: OffsampleAI: artificial intelligence approach to recognize off-sample mass spectrometry images