Fig. 2

Using the simulated data described in Sect. , we generated 1,000,000 permuted count tables using both the naive method of directly permuting the phenotype labels and using our approach. The distributions of the count table elements \(c_{ij0}^*\) are plotted here, with the direct permutation result shown in blue and our method shown in red. The plot consists almost entirely of the purple overlapping region, as there is almost no visible difference between the distributions