Fig. 4

Results for the pediatric AML example. a The data for the three phenotypes as color bars and expression for all the KEGG AML pathway genes as a heatmap. The dendrogram is obtained by Euclidean distance clustering with Ward’s criteria on the expression data. In the color bar for chloroma, red indicates chloroma is present and blue indicates that chloroma is absent. The color bar for log WBC shows lower counts as blue and greater counts as red. The color bar for EFS shows events before year 4 as blue, censoring before year 4 as gray, and event after 4 years as red. b A color bar for chloroma and a heatmap of expression for the six genes obtained by the backward selection procedure of “Identifying the empirical drivers of an association” section. The dendrogram was determined by clustering on Euclidean distance on the expression of those six genes. Two branches of the dendrogram are numerically indexed. c A mosaicplot of chloroma and expression subgroup defined by the dendrogram in b. It shows that 16 of 17 choloroma cases belong to expression subgroup 2. d The color bar for log WBC and the heatmap of expression for associated genes as determined by the backward selection procedure. Two branches of the dendrogram are numerically indexed. e A boxplot of log WBC by expression subgroup defined in d. f A color bar of EFS and heatmap of expression for the 5 genes chosen by backward selection. Four branches of the dendrogram are numerically indexed. g Kaplan–Meier estimates of EFS for the four subgroups defined in f