Fig. 6

Cross species phenotype comparisons through uPheno. An example section of the uPheno2 Unified Phenotype Ontology showing the bridging term for ‘increased size of the heart’ and associated terms from 4 organism or clade specific phenotype ontologies, Xenopus (XPO), Zebrafish (ZP), mammalian (MP) and human (HPO). The common uPheno parent term allows the programmatic inference of phenotypic similarity (yellow dotted arrow) between the terms from differing species, and we can further infer those phenotypes caused by orthologous genes in one model organism species will give rise to similar phenotypes in humans and other species